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Pension insurance and demographic development in the Czech Republic
Železná, Ladislava ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Pension insurance and demographic development in the Czech Republic Abstract The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of the pension insurance in the Czech Republic and changes in retirement age in relation to the development of life expectancy and changes in the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic. In the first part of the work, there demographic changes of the population are described and in particular, changes in the age structure of the population of the Czech Republic. The second part provides an overview of the historical development of pension insurance in the territory of today's Czech Republic, in particular the development of the most important laws, but also statistical data as well as basic concepts and characteristics of the current pension scheme. In the third part of this thesis are analyzed the changes in the age structure of the population and their relation to raising retirement age in the pension scheme of Czech Republic. Keywords: pension insurance, retirement age, the age structure of the population, life expectancy.
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Comparison of mortality trends in Central Europe and Baltic countries from 1970 to the present
Horník, Vojtěch ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Comparison of mortality trends in Central Europe and Baltic countries from 1970 to the present Abstract The aim of this thesis is to assess the most important mortality trends development in countries of Central Europe and Baltic region between 1970 and 2009. The measures used involve life expectancy at birth and life expectancy at the age of 65; besides of this, the age-specific contributions to life expectancy changes are computed according to the method of R. Pressat. The convergence and divergence tendencies among the analyzed countries and between the two regions are evaluated in this thesis as well. Main findings are, on one hand, that mortality trends are relatively similar within each of the regions. When comparing regions between each other, however, significant differences, mostly in the period between mid-1980s and mid-1990s, arise, they are attributed mostly to the influence of mortality crisis in Baltic region after the Soviet Union dissolution. Even though after 1994 mortality development was favourable in Baltic countries, they did not reach mortality level of Central Europe until 2009. Keywords: mortality, Central Europe, Baltic countries, life expectancy, decomposition, convergence, divergence
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Long term development of life expectancy in the world
Jílková, Martina ; Novotný, Josef (advisor) ; Pospíšilová, Lucie (referee)
Life expectancy has been rising since the end of the 18th century. This thesis aims to characterize its long term development with emphasis on the period after 1800, whereas the beginning periods of sustained growth and its dynamics are represented. Gains in survival began successively in individual countries, and it was found that the later the growth began, the more rapid it was. The determinants of mortality decline are set and described, as well. The attention is paid also to the relation between life expectancy and economic level. The analysis proved strong dependence of life expectancy on income in the course of the 20th century. Finally, the exceptions to this trend are discussed.
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Factors affecting mortality in countries with the highest life expectancy at birth with focus on the influence of tobacco smoking
Liška, Jiří ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
Factors affecting mortality in countries with the highest life expectancy at birth with focus on the influence of tobacco smoking Abstract This bachelor thesis focuses on the factors influencing mortality levels, specifically analysing the influence of tobacco smoking in countries with highest life expectancies - Japan and Switzerland. Trends in smoking prevalence rates from the mid-20th century to the present are analysed. In both countries, the prevalence of smoking is higher in men than in women, but the gap is narrowing over time. Then, author constructs life tables using data from WHO Mortality Database and analyses mortality in Japan and Switzerland between 1995 and 2017, focusing on life expectancy at birth and at ages of 35 and 65 years. The actual development of these indicators is compared with two hypothetical developments, assuming the elimination of smoking attributable mortality and a constant level of smoking attributable mortality. The results indicate that high life expectancies in Japan and Switzerland are not caused by low numbers of smokers in these countries. Keywords: mortality, life expectancy, determinants of health, smoking, Japan, Switzerland
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The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development
Stýblová, Julie ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Maláková, Kateřina (referee)
The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development Abstract The main objective of this work is to analyze mortality rates in countries with the lowest mortality rates between 1990 and 2013 for each gender separately. The life expectancy at birth indicator was used to assess the developmental trends of overall mortality, followed by the probability of death, which allowed for the expression of age-related mortality changes, and the contribution of individual age groups to the change in life expectancy at birth was determined by one-dimensional decomposition. For a more detailed look, the mortality rate of selected group of death causes was assessed using a standardized mortality rate. The two-dimensional decomposition allowed to quantify the contribution of age groups and the main causes of death and thus to evaluate how the age group and cause of death contributed to the change in life expectancy at birth. In all countries, the overall mortality rate is decreasing and no interruption of this trend is observed. The results show that the states are getting closer to each other and do not show much differences. All selected countries are characterized by a decline in mortality, mainly in older age groups. The states also change the order of the most important causes of death, when a...
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The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development
Stýblová, Julie ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The lowest-mortality countries: their specifics and trends of development Abstract The main objective of this work is to analyze mortality rates in the countries with the lowest mortality rates in the world between 1990 and 2013 for males and females separately. In order to assess development trends, indicators of life expectancy at birth, probability of death, which served to assess the mortality by age and using one-dimensional decomposition, the contributions of different age groups to the change in life expectancy at birth were determined. For a more detailed analysis, mortality was assessed for selected groups of death causes using standardized mortality rates and the view was complemented by a two-dimensional decomposition, which determined the contributions of age groups and major cause classes to assess how age group and cause of death has contributed to the change in life expectancy at birth. All countries have increased their life expectancy at birth and no signs of slowing are observed. The results show that each country is approaching and there are not too many differences. Selected countries have similar trends in decreasing mortality rates in older age groups and changing the order of the most important causes of death. Key words: Mortality, age and gender, causes of death, life expectancy,...
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Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia
Klicperová, Barbora ; Lustigová, Michala (advisor) ; Otáhalová, Hana (referee)
Regional Differences in Healthy Life Expectancy in Czechia Abstract Over the past decade, the health status of the population has also been measured by Healthy Life Expectancy indicator. This indicator covers not only the quantitative aspect, but it takes into the account also the qualitative aspect of prolonging human life. The main objective of this thesis is to evaluate the differences in healthy life expectancy among the regions of Czechia, both in terms of space and time (2009-2014). The introductory part of the thesis outlines the connections of the origin of the healthy life expectancy indicator and analyses the methods of its construction. The theoretical part of the thesis also includes description of sample surveys. To calculate healthy life years, the Sullivan method is used. Data on health status were obtained from the SILC survey. According to the results of the analysis, there is considerable variability between regions in terms of healthy life expectancy. The difference is significantly higher in terms of healthy life expectancy than in the case of life expectancy. A more detailed analysis of the distribution of the healthy life expectancy values has revealed that there is a certain "paradox" of healthy life expectancy in relation to life expectancy, since there are regions where the high...
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Demographic aging and its economic consequences in EU
MATTAR, Roni
This bachelor thesis contains information about demographic aging in EU countries and its economic impacts. The theoretical part describes the basic concepts of demography, population development and the current situation across the EU. The thesis contains the information from the official Eurostat website and contains data of the demographic aging for the EU countries for the period 1997-2017 and the forecast for 2050-2080. The final part of the thesis gives an answer to the hypotheses about the economic structure and the pension system.
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healthy life years
Ondrák, Jan ; Langhamrová, Jitka (advisor) ; Krbcová, Daniela (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with life expectancy, healthy life years analysis in selected countries. The begining of this thesis is devoted to explanation of individual concepts, which are used in in this thesys, later it aids on healthy life years indicator and its calculation methods, meaning and usi in practice. It ges on with hypotheses verifying or returning influence of natural, demographic, biological, socio-economic phenomena on healthy life years in selected countries. These countries are: Bulgaria, Czechia, Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Island, Norway. Comparsion was made from the point of view of the EU 27/28 average, individual type sof disability were also evaluated.
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Comparison of the development of life expectancy and other characteristics of length of life in selected European countries
Lengsfeldová, Tereza ; Dotlačilová, Petra (advisor) ; Antovová, Michaela (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares characteristics of length of life in the Czech Republic, Norway and Spain in the period 1960-2014. The aim is to analyse the mortality process using life expectancy and median length of life at selected ages 0, 65 and 80 years and modal age at death. Decreasing infant mortality and better death rates for older persons positively still affect growth of lengths of life after completion of demographic transition. However, it leads to ageing population when people are dying at older age and number of these people is growing. This has the effect of assimilation of examined characteristics. Long-term different development of mortality through age structure has divided Europe into regions, consequently has occurred higher within-country gender difference. Women live longer than men. The new trend is reduction of gender difference at almost every age. It also researches these changes and differentials to prove or disprove convergence between men and women and selected characteristics of length of life.
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